Artificial systems for Diaphorina citri

Artificial systems for Diaphorina citri

Report Date: 03/20/2009
Project: 13505
Category:

The objective of this project is to determine methods of holding psyllids on an artificial diet for the purposes of introducing chemicals or organisms into the psyllid, obtaining organisms such as Liberibacter asiaticus from psyllids, and ultimately to develop an artificial rearing system for the psyllid. Research was continued on a rearing system for Asian citrus psyllid on artificial media using the basic procedures published for in-vitro rearing of whiteflies. To-date, the research has focused primarily on adult D. citri, with the goal being to sustain adults for as long as possible when supplied a liquid diet in a feeding chamber. The immediate value of the research, if relatively successful, would be a system which could be used to either introduce chemicals or microorganisms into adult psyllids for study purposes, or to obtain from feeding psyllids chemicals or microorganisms. Moderate progress with an artificial in-vitro feeding system with liquid diet has been made in identifying adult psyllids carrying Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The system has promise with respect to screening Bt isolates for activity against the psyllid. A number of different feeding chambers have been investigated including the original chambers developed for whiteflies. For large-scale experiments, a small Petri dish has the advantage of being easy to work with and is space saving. A sugar solution (and other ingredients inclujding a small amount of calcium nitrate) (500uL) is pipetted onto a thin Parafilm membrane stretched across the bottom of a Petri dish containing adult psyllids (up to 10). A second membrane is stretched over the first one so that the diet solution is sandwiched between the two membranes. Long term survival of adults on liquid diet has been relatively poor at 25¡C (14L:10D, 75% RH), with only 20% of adults surviving for more than 2 wk. This is probably a consequence of diets tried being insufficient in nutritional value. Several defined diets that have been effective for aphids are being investigated. Eventually the research will be refocused on rearing nymphs. Although adult survival over long periods of time has not been achieved, relatively large percentages of adults survive on the liquid diet for up to 72 hr, during which time droplets of honeydew and wax secretions are emitted by the adults. Adding green/yellow food coloring to the diet appears to stimulate feeding and results in honeydew and wax being a green/yellow color, demonstrating that the adults actually feed and useful for quantifying feeding. Parafilm through which adults feed can be examined under a microscope to count psyllid feeding tubes. A major thrust of current research efforts is to evaluate survival of adults that are (1) fed the liquid diet for 48 to 72 hr and then (2) transferred to citrus leaf disks. The time required for psyllids to completely digest and excrete remains of the liquid diet can be investigated by monitoring the color of honeydew and wax. After a 48 to 72 hr feeding period, the psyllids are transferred to a small portion of a citrus leaf disk (35 mm in diameter) embedded on agar (7 g / 500 ml water) in a small Petri dish. Typically, 95% survival is achieved over a 48 to 72 hr period on diet, and subsequently 50 to 60% survival over 2 weeks on leaf disks. This appears to be a good assay for screening chemicals for activity against the psyllid.


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