Cover crops and nematicides: comprehensive nematode IPM across the grove landscape

Cover crops and nematicides: comprehensive nematode IPM across the grove landscape

Report Date: 04/02/2022
Project: 18-036C   Year: 2022
Category: Other
Author: Larry Duncan
Sponsor: Citrus Research and Development Foundation

The trunk girth (cross-sectional area measured one inch above the rootstock union) before treatments began in 2019 was highly correlated with every subsequent trunk measurement, as well as subsequent root mass and fruit yield.  Consequently, it was used as a covariate when analyzing treatment effects on those variables.  The average untreated (control) trunk girth in December 2021 was numerically less than all other treatments, but there were no significant differences between the treatments at end of trial.  However, the growth of the trees in terms of area added and the rate of change was numerically greatest for trees treated with oxamyl. The proportional change in trunk girth during the trial for oxamyl-treated trees was 36% greater (P=0.02) than that of controls. The trees treated alternately with the Syngenta compound-Salibro, Nimitz-Velum, and Temik increased 18%, 9% and 7% more than controls, respectively, but the differences were not significant.  The fibrous root mass density of oxamyl treated trees was 2.27-fold that of untreated trees (P=0.001). Trees treated with combinations of Nimitz-Velum, Syngenta compound-Salibro or Temik had 50%, 36% and 15% more fibrous roots than untreated trees, respectively, but the differences were not significant.  The average tree heights of all treatments differed from the untreated trees (4.95 ft.) by less than 5%.  The harvested fruit from trees in the trial averaged just 35 boxes per acre in 2022.  There were no significant treatment effects on fruit yield.  The highest average yield (aldicarb) was 22% greater than that of the untreated trees and the lowest (oxamyl) was 30% below that of the untreated controls. Although nematicide treatments per se did not explain the variation in yield, the effect they had on the 3-year, cumulative numbers of sting nematodes were highly predictive.  While unrelated to trunk girth prior to nematicide treatments, the relationship between girth and cumulative nematode densities increased in significance each year, and was inverse and highly significant (r = -0.32, P=0.01) at the final measurement.  Similarly, there were inverse relationships between the cumulative sting nematode populations and fibrous roots (r= -0.39, P=0.003) and fruit yield (r= -0.29, P=0.03) measured during this reporting period.  The only variable more predictive of yield was the trunk girth. Stepwise multiple regression of yield against the trunk girth in 2019 (P=0.001), prior to treatments, combined with the cumulative sting nematode populations during the trial (P=0.01) explained 31% of the fruit yield in 2022.  The data suggest that trees responded positively to nematode management.  A second experiment to assess the effect of aldicarb on yield will be reported in the next (final) report when harvest data are available.  A manuscript is being prepared and those analyses and conclusions will be given in that report.     


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