Determining the role of a novel virus in Citrus Blight

Determining the role of a novel virus in Citrus Blight

Report Date: 06/30/2016
Project: 921   Year: 2016
Category: CLas Bacteria
Author: William Schneider
Sponsor: Citrus Research and Development Foundation

Citrus blight continues to be a major economic problem in citrus groves in Florida. Thousands of trees each year succumb to citrus blight, with estimated losses at over $60 million per year. The disease can occur on all common citrus cultivars, and Carrizo citrange are especially susceptible. Early symptoms are zinc deficiency in the leaves which may disappear, zinc accumulation in the phloem and eventually high zinc levels in the xylem. Blockage of xylem tissues with amorphous plugs follows with reduced water uptake. The causal agent of citrus blight is unknown. However, symptoms and all of the characteristics associated with citrus blight can be reproduced by root graft inoculations. Therefore in a project previously funded by CRDF we used NGS RNA sequencing protocols to look for novel viruses in roots of sweet orange with blight, but not present in roots of healthy trees, or trees affected by HLB. We identified several related endogenous pararetroviruses related to Petunia Vein Clearing Virus (PVCV) using a collection of 10 RNA libraries prepared from 10 different root samples collected from healthy trees or those with blight or HLB. In the quarter just ending we have focused our efforts on the remaining objectives: generating complete genome sequences for any and all active blight associated pararetroviruses and developing a active virus specific assay comprehensive enough to detect all blight associated pararetroviruses. As of the last quarter we had successfully generated a complete genome sequence for a blight associated active pararetrovirus, we are prepared to hand the sequence data to CRDF. In addition to the original genome sequence we have continued sequencing other pararetrovirus isolates from additional trees and geographic locations to determine levels of diversity. Six other complete genome sequences are underway. Also in our last quarter we had tested multiple assays for the active pararetrovirus on a large sample set to determine which of the assays was specific only to active pararetrovirus while still being inclusive enough to detect all active pararetroviruses. A single assay was developed that was very effective in detecting all active pararetrovirus samples in the 2015 sampling, this will meet the objective of the project. As a final check, an additional set of samples was taken in the summer of 2016 for testing and validating the new assay. Finally, as an additional bit of work to try to establish that pararetroviruses were infect fully biologically active in blighted trees we have consulted with a team of experts in the pararetrovirus community to modify existing virus purification protocols to develop a means to extract viral particles that could be used to establish modified Koch’s postulates.


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