Development of a novel system for dissemination of pathogenic fungus to the Asian citrus psyllid in abandoned citrus groves

Development of a novel system for dissemination of pathogenic fungus to the Asian citrus psyllid in abandoned citrus groves

Report Date: 10/14/2014
Project: 760   Year: 2014
Category: ACP Vector
Author: Mamoudou S�tamou
Sponsor: Citrus Research and Development Foundation

Successful area-wide management of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) and Huanglongbing (HLB) requires effective control of the psyllid in abandoned citrus groves. Since ACP adults are highly mobile, they can disperse from abandoned to productive citrus groves and spread HLB. ACP is susceptible to Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr), a native entomopathogenic fungi. ‘Autodissemination’ is insect dispersal of a pathogen to members of its own population. Our project goals are to develop and field test an ‘autodissemination’ system for inoculating ACP with Ifr and use these infected psyllids to instigate epizootics that will rapidly reduce ACP populations in abandoned citrus groves. During the summer (June-July) of 2014, we collaborated with Paramount Citrus to conduct field trials in Hildago County with three of their managed groves and three adjacent abandoned groves. The first site was a managed Rio Red Grapefruit grove next to an abandoned Rio Red Grapefruit grove. The second site was a managed Valencia Orange grove next to an abandoned Rio Red Grapefruit grove. The third site was a managed Rio Red Grapefruit grove next to an abandoned Valencia Orange grove. At each site, we evaluated the impact of Ifr autodisseminators on ACP movement and infestation in plots of abandoned citrus trees and managed citrus trees. For treatment plots, we hung pairs of autodisseminators coated with Ifr spore formulation and equipped with citrus-blend lures in trees on the edge rows of the abandoned groves. The Ifr formulation was provided by Dr. Mark Jackson (USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL) and based on a south Texas isolate (Ifr 3581). For control plots, we hung autodisseminators with only citrus-blend lures. To monitor ACP movement and populations, we released up to 1200 ACP adults marked with fluorescent powder on abandoned trees every week for four consecutive weeks and hung ACP sticky traps on the managed trees directly across from the abandoned trees. We used different fluorescent colors to distinguish psyllids released in treatment plots from psyllids released in control plots. Every seven days during the first to fourth weeks of the trials, we replaced dispensers and inspected ACP traps. During the fifth week, we also ‘tap sampled’ managed trees and abandoned trees. Marked psyllids released within treatment plots were not recovered on either managed trees or abandoned trees. Marked psyllids released within control plots were recovered on abandoned trees that the psyllids were not released on; however, only unmarked psyllids were captured by ACP traps on managed trees. We are repeating our trials in the three Paramount Citrus groves during the fall and winter (October to December) of 2014. To improve recovery of marked psyllids, we will tap-sample trees during each week of these trials and / or increase ACP trap densities. To facilitate future scalability and commercial production, the autodisseminators used for our summer field trials were assembled from durable plastic components fabricated by AlphaScent Inc. To reduce the cost for end users, AlphaScent designed and provided us with cardboard versions of key autodisseminator components. During August and September of 2014, we field-tested the cardboard version and plastic version of our autodisseminator and found that the cardboard version was adversely affected by heavy rain. As a result, we will use only the plastic version for our fall and winter trials. By the second week of October 2014, we expect to receive sufficient autodisseminator components from AlphaScent for our fall and winter trials.


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