Preventing young trees from psyllids and infection with CLas through use of protective netting

Preventing young trees from psyllids and infection with CLas through use of protective netting

Project: 18-032C   Year: 2021
Category: ACP Vector
Author: FERNANDO ALFEREZ
Sponsor: Citrus Research and Development Foundation

1. Please state project objectives and what work was done this quarter to address them:  Objective 1. Assessing tree growth and absence of psyllids and HLB disease symptoms (including CLas bacteria titer) under protective covering (i.e., IPC). We are monitoring fruit development and retention for the second crop to be harvested next spring in the Valencia trees that were uncovered in August 2020 and had their first crop in Spring 2021. Fruit drop is starting in the non-covered HLB-infected trees. However, in the trees that were in IPC and uncovered last August, fruit drop is not happening, so far. We also found more fruit set in these trees that were uncovered last August, as compared to the non-covered trees. Fruit is also significantly larger this year, continuing the trend we observed last year.With regard to our trials with mandarin varieties, SugarBelle trees show very good growth and fruit set with no differences in growth between IPC or no-IPC conditions. Once we remove IPCs by the end of this year, we will assess fruit yield and quality as well. In contrast, Tango trees are growing significantly larger under the IPCs, as compared to non-covered trees. We will also assess fruit yield and quality in these trees when we remove the covers. Finally, Early Pride trees are not performing well under the IPCs. Typical twig dieback in this variety is exacerbated inside the covers, and trees are significantly smaller. Based on these observations, we do not recommend IPCs for Early Pride mandarin trees.  Objective 2. Assessment of alternative netting approaches including ‘targeted’, ‘alternated’ and ‘patterned’ setup of IPC in groves for more cost-effective protection. Although HLB-positive, we are seeing lower bacterial levels (higher Ct values) in internal rows of uncovered trees planted in an alternate pattern, which suggests that internal rows in a grove may have some protection if external tree rows are covered by IPCs. These studies need to be continued and refined to clearly determine if we can take advantage of the ‘cross-protection’ as well as the edge effect.  Objective 3. Monitoring the transition from vegetative to reproductive stage in the covered and non-covered trees. As stated in our last quarterly report and in Objective 1 of this report,  we are assessing fruit development, and did not find significant differences in fruit set  as compared to non-covered trees, but fruits inside IPCs seem to be larger. This is promising, since IPC protection could potentially be prolonged to get the trees well into the productive age, producing high quality fruit, as we have shown in our last report. By applying brassinosteroids as a combined treatment with IPCs we expect to prolong tree health further, and produce a commercial-size good quality fruit crop.     Objective 4. Comparing IPC with CUPS-like systems. We are now monitoring fruit growth inside the CUPS to later compare with IPCs. We are also monitoring fruit drop and are ready to start with quality assessment in Tango, as fruit growth seems to be well advanced inside the CUPS and ready to reach commercial maturity. Outreach for this quarter:-Alferez, F., Albrecht, U, Gaire, S., Batuman, O., Qureshi, J., Zekri, M. Individual Protective Covers (IPCs) for young tree protection from the HLB vector, the Asian citrus psyllid. EDIS, accepted, in press. -Alferez, F, Batuman, O, Gaire, S, Albrecht, U, Qureshi, J. Assessing spatial patterns of IPCs deployment in young citrus.  Citrus Industry, August, 2021.  -Gaire, S, Alferez, F, Albrecht, U. Horticultural attributes of SugarBelle, Tango and Early Pride mandarin trees grafted on two different rootstocks grown with and without individual protective covers (IPCs). ASHS Annual meeting. August 5-9, 2021, Denver CO.  -Alferez, F and Batuman, O. Individual Protective Covers (IPCs) and their patterned use for young tree protection. CRAFT Growers meeting, August, 2021 2. Please state what work is anticipated for next quarter: Next quarter will be the final quarter of this project. Although we anticipate finishing most of the work in this project, some of our results warrant continued research that can be of great interest in providing real guidance on what can be done to keep trees healthy at least for several years into their productive age.Objective 1. We will continue with regular work pertaining horticultural/pathological parameters in all plots. We will remove the covers in the mandarin trials and will assess fruit yield and quality. When new funding become available, we plan to start brassinosteroids treatments, as we already know that this treatment can prolong health of citrus trees by delaying HLB infection and reducing incidence of other pests and diseases, which potentially can result in better fruit yield and quality at least in the mid-term. The real positive impact of this combined treatment, and for how long can we benefit from it, remains to be determined.Objective 2. We will continue collecting data on psyllid population and HLB incidence in the different netting layouts (i.e., pattern). We will confirm if the trend that we observed in Ct values is maintained or changes over time.Objectives 3 and 4. We will continue collecting data on fruit growth and maturation for the second season of deficit irrigation treatments. We will also monitor for early fruit drop if occurs, and will assess fruit quality and yield. 3. Please state budget status (underspend or overspend, and why): We continue on track with activities and spending. Budgeted amounts for salaries are being spent as predicted.  


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